Fundamentals of Management, 10e (Robbins)
Chapter 12 Leadership and Trust
1) Because leading is one of the four basic managerial functions, ________ leaders.
A) all managers are
B) all managers should be
C) some managers are
5) Early leadership trait research looked to find characteristics that might ________.
A) distinguish ordinary leaders from great leaders
B) define charisma
C) identify the physical traits of leaders
6) Leaders are ________.
A) individual people, while leadership is a process
B) the first step in the leadership process
C) individual people who study the leadership process.
7) If a trait theory of leadership were true, then all leaders would possess ________.
A) charisma
B) the same traits
C) different traits
8) Which of the following is NOT one of the eight traits associated with leadership?
A) Drive
B) Intelligence
C) Introversion
9) Why was the trait theory of leadership mainly unsuccessful?
A) Researchers were not able to identify a set of traits that always differentiated a leader from a
nonleader.
B) Organizations found the trait theory of leadership too expensive to implement due to the high
costs of testing potential leaders.
C) Research has shown that leadership traits are gender specific, so the process of choosing
leaders based on traits is discriminatory.
D) Too much emphasis was placed on personality traits rather than physical traits, which have
10) Behavioral theories of leadership focused on ________.
A) who effective leaders were
B) what characteristics effective leaders had
C) how to identify effective leaders
11) The promise of behavioral theories of leadership held that this would be possible.
A) picking a leader out of crowd
B) being able to train a person to be a leader
C) explaining why successful leaders were successful
12) The University of Iowa studies discussed all of the following leadership styles EXCEPT
________ leadership.
A) laissez-faire
B) democratic
C) benevolent
13) Which leadership style tends to centralize authority and make unilateral decisions?
A) cultural style
B) autocratic style
C) democratic style
14) Jared's boss encourages employees to participate in the decision-making process but does not
give them complete freedom to do as they like. She has this kind of leadership style.
A) monarchial
B) autocratic
C) laissez-faire
15) Monica's boss allows her to make any decision she thinks is important on the spot without
consulting anyone. Monica's boss has this kind of leadership style.
A) laissez-faire style
B) autocratic style
C) democratic style
16) The University of Iowa studies indicated that this was the most successful leadership style.
A) autocratic
B) laissez-faire
C) combination of autocratic and laissez-faire
17) The autocratic style identified in the University of Iowa studies is similar to the ________
style identified by Ohio State.
A) consideration
B) employee oriented
C) initiating structure
18) The employee oriented style identified in the University of Michigan studies is similar to the
________ style identified by Ohio State.
A) initiating structure
B) autocratic
C) laissez-faire
19) The behavioral theories of leadership began around this time.
A) 1900-1920
B) 1920-1940
C) 1940-1960
20) In the Ohio State studies, ________ refers to how strict a leader's standards are.
A) independent dimensions
B) comprehensive structure
C) initiating structure
21) In the Ohio State studies, ________ refers to how much mutual trust exists between
employees and leaders.
A) consideration of limitations
B) consideration
C) initiating structure
22) A high-high leader in the Ohio State studies achieved the highest ratings with respect to
________.
A) both employee performance and satisfaction
B) employee performance only
C) employee satisfaction only
23) The Ohio State studies indicated that leaders who were high in consideration performed
________.
A) best in all situations
B) best when employee tasks were routine
C) worst when employee tasks were routine
24) The Ohio State studies indicated that leaders who were high in initiating structure received
________.
A) the highest employee ratings
B) the lowest employee ratings
C) the same employee ratings as leaders who were high in consideration
25) According to the University of Michigan studies, leaders who were ________ were
associated with higher group productivity and higher job satisfaction.
A) employee oriented
B) initiating structure
C) considerate
26) On the managerial grid, a leader who is high in both concern for people and concern for
production would rate ________.
A) 1,1
B) 9,1
C) 5,5
27) Estéban was rated a 5,8 on the managerial grid. A good way to describe Estéban is
________.
A) high in concern for both people and production
B) high in concern for people, low in concern for production
C) high in concern for people, moderate in concern for production
28) The dual nature of leadership behaviors suggests that both ________ and ________ are
important determinants of leadership.
A) focus on work; focus on employees
B) focus on traits; focus on behaviors
C) situations; organizations
29) What important determinant of leadership became the focus of leadership theories after the
behavioral studies?
A) Power
B) Charisma
C) The follower
35) The behavioral theories of leadership were developed in response to the failings of the trait
37) The Ohio State studies suggested that leaders who were high in structure and low in
38) The University of Michigan studies suggested that the most successful leaders were
39) A leader who ranks 9,9 in the Managerial Grid would have more concern for people than
46) The key to the Fiedler contingency model of leadership is to match ________.
A) leader and follower
B) leader and leadership style
C) leadership style and follower
47) What does Fiedler's least-preferred coworker questionnaire measure?
A) the most common leadership style among all leaders
B) leadership style of respondents who took the test
C) the most effective leadership style
48) Fiedler assumed a person's leadership style ________.
A) is contingent on the situation
B) is variable
C) evolves over time
49) Fiedler's LPC ratings concluded that leaders were either ________.
A) positive or negative
B) task oriented or trusting
C) relationship oriented or people oriented
50) The ________ dimension reflects the degree of trust and respect subordinates had for their
leader in Fiedler's model.
A) leader-member relations
B) position power
C) task structure
51) Your boss has total control over hiring, firing, and promotions in your department.
According to Fiedler's ratings of the situation, your boss has ________.
A) low position power
B) high position power
C) high task structure
52) Jobs in a firm are quite informal. Workers are versatile and switch tasks and responsibilities
depending on the situation. In Fiedler's model, this firm would be said to have ________.
A) good leader-member relations
B) high position power
C) high task structure
53) Fiedler concluded that task-oriented leaders performed best when the situation was
________.
A) highly favorable
B) highly unfavorable
C) either highly favorable or highly unfavorable
54) Fiedler concluded that relationship-oriented leaders performed best when the situation was
________.
A) highly favorable
B) highly unfavorable
C) either highly favorable or highly unfavorable
55) A major criticism of Fiedler's work stated that it failed to recognize that effective leaders
________.
A) are always task oriented
B) can change leadership styles
C) cannot change leadership styles
56) In the situational leadership theory (SLT), readiness is defined as ________ to perform a
task.
A) the ability
B) the willingness
C) both the ability and willingness
57) ________ is defined in situational leadership theory (SLT) as a high task, low relationship
leadership role.
A) Telling
B) Selling
C) Participating
58) A leader who provides maximum supportive behavior and a great deal of explicit instructions
for how to carry out a task is assuming this SLT role.
A) telling
B) selling
C) participating
59) A leader who pretty much leaves employees on their own is assuming this SLT role.
A) telling
B) selling
C) participating
60) Which category of follower is considered to be both unable and unwilling to complete a
task?
A) R1
B) R2
C) R3
61) Which category of follower is considered to be able but unwilling to complete a task?
A) R1
B) R2
C) R3
62) Which leadership style works best with an R1 type of follower?
A) delegating
B) selling
C) telling
63) A delegating leadership style works best with which type of follower?
A) R1
B) R2
C) R3
64) Which leadership style works best with an R2 type of follower?
A) participating
B) selling
C) telling
65) A participating leadership style works best with which type of follower?
A) R1
B) R2
C) R3
66) The leader-participation model contends that leader behavior should ________.
A) never vary
B) adjust to the structure of the task involved
C) be dependent on the traits of the leader
67) Results from the leader-participation model conclude that it is more important to talk about
autocratic and participative ________.
A) situations than leaders
B) leaders than situations
C) leaders than followers
68) The most important conclusion from the leader-participation model is that ________.
A) a leader must keep the same leadership style no matter what the situation is
B) a leader must change his or her leadership style depending on the situation
C) a leader must try to change the situation if it does not suit his or her leadership style
69) The path-goal theory sees the job of an effective leader as ________.
A) providing clear instructions for followers
B) clearing the path between followers and their goals
C) defining goals for followers
70) A(n) ________ leader in path-goal theory gives specific guidance in performing tasks.
A) directive
B) achievement-oriented
C) participative
71) An important trait of a(n)________ leader in path-goal theory is friendliness.
A) achievement-oriented
B) directive
C) participative
72) A(n) ________ leader in path-goal theory does little but set challenging goals for followers.
A) supportive
B) participative
C) achievement-oriented
73) A(n) ________ leader in path-goal theory often makes decisions collectively with followers.
A) directive
B) participative
C) achievement-oriented
74) Path-goal theory assumes that environmental factors such as ________ can change a
leadership situation.
A) locus of control of followers
B) personal work experience of followers
C) skills and abilities of followers
75) Which of the following is included in the class of contingency variables that are associated
with personal characteristics of a follower?
A) locus of control
B) task structure
C) group structure
76) In path-goal theory, a directive leadership style works well in a situation in which tasks are
________.
A) straightforward and unambiguous
B) ambiguous and stressful
C) highly structured
77) In a highly structured organization, this approach seems to work best.
A) supportive
B) directive
C) achievement oriented
78) A participative leadership style works well with subordinates who ________.
A) have little faith in their own ability
B) are having work group conflicts
C) have an external locus of control
79) Leaders who are looking for exceptionally high performance from subordinates might try
this approach.
A) supportive
B) directive
C) achievement oriented
80) A leader should avoid a directive leadership style when ________.
A) tasks are highly structured
B) workers have an external locus of control
C) tasks are stressful and ambiguous
81) Fiedler's model proposed that leadership success was determined by matching leadership
84) Fiedler concluded that task-oriented leaders tended to perform better in highly favorable
85) Fiedler concluded that relationship-oriented leaders seemed to perform better in highly
86) Situational leadership theory (SLT) states that an R1 worker who is unable and unwilling to
87) Situational leadership theory (SLT) states that an R3 worker who is able but unwilling to
88) Vroom and Yetton's leader-participation model suggests that leaders should adjust to the
89) Robert House's path-goal theory maintains that an effective leader clears the path for a
90) In contrast to Fiedler, path-goal theory assumes that leaders assume a single, permanent
92) Path-goal theory states that a supportive leadership style works best when tasks are highly
94) In a short essay, describe the conclusions of situational leadership theory (SLT) for each
95) In a short essay, discuss the basics of the path-goal leadership theory developed by Robert
97) Transactional leaders are leaders who guide by ________.
A) inspiring followers
B) articulating a vision for followers
C) the force of their personality
98) Visionary leaders are leaders who guide by ________.
A) inspiring followers
B) articulating a vision of the future
C) the force of their personality
99) Transformational leaders are leaders who guide by ________.
A) inspiring followers
B) articulating a vision for followers
C) the force of their personality
100) Which of the following is an accurate statement about transformational leaders?
A) They are poor motivators.
B) Their organizations suffer from high turnover rates.
C) Their organizations are highly productive.
101) Which term is most closely associated with transformational leaders?
A) charming
B) efficient
C) far-seeing
102) Which of the following is NOT a typical trait of a charismatic leader?
A) direct eye contact
B) relaxed body posture
C) animated facial expressions
103) Research has shown that ________.
A) charisma is an illusion
B) charisma is inborn only
C) charisma is based on rewards
104) Research has shown that "trained" charismatic leaders had workers who were ________
those who had been led by non-charismatic leaders.
A) dramatically less productive than
B) more productive than
C) equally productive when compared to
105) Visionary leadership differs from charismatic leadership because of its focus on ________.
A) rewards
B) personality
C) dangers that the future might bring
106) Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of a vision of the future provided by
visionary leadership?
A) powerful images
B) easy-to-understand view
C) nonspecific and indefinite
107) If a visionary-leader CEO switched from one company to another, you would expect
________ to follow her to the new company.
A) all employees and managers
B) no employees
C) no managers
108) Team leadership and traditional leadership in hierarchical organizations are thought to be
________.
A) virtually identical
B) very different
C) fairly similar
109) Consultant estimates state that ________ team leaders.
A) 15 percent of managers are not natural
B) 70 percent of managers are not natural
C) 85 percent of managers are not natural
110) A difficult skill for a team leader to learn is knowing when to ________ .
A) show interest in the team.
B) retain control
C) leave the team alone
111) A team's ________ marks the border between tasks that are strictly the team's responsibility
and those that the team shares with other parts of the organization.
A) external boundary
B) exterior
C) leader
112) This team leader role requires leaders to try to get the best out of their team.
A) coach
B) troubleshooter
C) liaison
113) When a design team is having problems getting its new simulation software to work
correctly, the team leader takes on this role.
A) coach
B) troubleshooter
C) liaison
114) When a team is considering joining forces with another team in the organization, the team
leader takes on this role.
A) troubleshooter
B) conflict manager
C) coach
115) When two members of a team are having a personal conflict, the team leader takes on this
role.
A) conflict manager
B) liaison
C) troubleshooter
116) The key difference between team leadership and traditional leadership is that in teams,
________ decisions.
A) employees are empowered to make
B) leaders are not empowered to make
C) leaders have no influence over employees'
117) ________ is one key reason that employees are frequently empowered with decision-
making ability in today's business world.
A) Smaller spans of control
B) Larger spans of control
C) Smaller budgets
118) On a pro football team, empowerment might manifest itself in which of the following?
A) players getting larger salaries
B) more complicated plays and formations on the field
C) coach-to-helmet communication systems
119) A unique problem that virtual leaders face is being understood without a ________ form of
communication.
A) reliable
B) written
C) clear
120) Being humble is a typical characteristic of ________.
A) Arab leaders
B) German leaders
C) Japanese leaders
121) A ________ would avoid publicly praising a productive employee.
A) Malaysian leader
B) Dutch leader
C) Japanese leader
122) A ________ is characterized by high performance orientation.
A) German leader
B) Scandinavian leader
C) Japanese leader
123) Most leadership theories were developed in the United States, causing them to stress
________.
A) spirituality over rationality
B) rationality over spirituality
C) both rationality and spirituality
124) All of the following appear to be universal elements of transformational leadership
EXCEPT ________.
A) dynamism
B) vision
C) trustworthiness
125) Recent studies indicate that this measure of ability is the best predictor of who will be a
leader in an organization.
A) standardized test intelligence
B) academic intelligence
C) technical expertise
126) Which of the following is NOT a key component of emotional intelligence (EI)?
A) empathy
B) self-awareness
C) active imagination
127) Studies show that the higher the rank a star performer has in an organization, the more he or
she relies on ________ for success.
A) integrity
B) intelligence
C) emotional intelligence
129) Leaders with a transformational leadership style and charismatic leaders treat employees the
131) Since charisma is an inborn trait, no efforts have ever been made to train people to be
133) Team leadership is becoming less important in today's world because teams don't need
137) One reason that empowerment is important in today's business climate is that managers
138) In different countries, the most universal aspects of leadership seem to be elements of
143) This is the dimension of trust that includes technical skills.
A) integrity
B) loyalty
C) openness
144) This is the dimension of trust that includes how reliable a leader is.
A) integrity
B) competence
C) consistency
145) This is the dimension of trust that includes how honest a leader is.
A) integrity
B) openness
C) loyalty
146) Which of the following is NOT a reason that the importance of trust has increased in today's
business climate?
A) Job performance is related to trust.
B) Job satisfaction is related to trust.
C) Only 60 percent of U.S. employees trust their leaders.
148) Of the five dimensions that make up the concept of trust, loyalty seems to be the most
149) Research has shown that a majority of American employees trust the leaders of the