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Chapter 11: Rococo to Neoclassicism in Europe and America
Multiple Choice
1. The Enlightenment’s emphasis on _____ contributed to the renewed interest in classical antiquity.
a.
rationality
b.
elevating the lower classes
c.
rigid class structure
d.
religious doctrines
2. _____ is the artistic movement that incorporated the subjects and styles of ancient art.
a.
Romanticism
b.
Neoclassicism
c.
Rococo
d.
Natural art
3. In the early 18th century, the seat of French culture shifted from palaces to _____.
a.
cathedrals
b.
provincial cities
c.
hôtels
d.
town halls
4. Possibly inspiring the name of the style, _____ were a principal motif in Rococo interior decoration.
a.
geometric designs
b.
Islamic patterns
c.
narratives
d.
shells
5. French social gatherings took place in the _____ of townhouses.
a.
salon
b.
ballroom
c.
offices
d.
entries
6. Invented by Watteau, fête galante paintings had _____ as their subjects.
a.
mythological scenes
b.
outdoor amusements of aristocrats
c.
biblical stories
d.
historical events
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7. The members of the French Academy who followed Poussin believed that the most important element of art was _____.
a.
color
b.
texture
c.
form
d.
loose brushworks
8. _____ is the painter most closely associated with the French Rococo style.
a.
Antonio Canaletto
b.
Jacques-Louis David
c.
Angelica Kauffmann
d.
Antoine Watteau
9. The French _____ argued that society could improve by applying reason to problems.
a.
philosophes
b.
naturalists
c.
clergy
d.
satirists
10. _____ specialized in dramatic renderings of scientific experiments.
a.
Antoine Watteau
b.
Joseph Wright of Derby
c.
Jean-Baptiste Siméon Chardin
d.
Benjamin West
11. Joseph Wright of Derby’s scientific subjects and detailed rendering of them appealed to _____.
a.
aristocrats
b.
church officials
c.
industrialists
d.
merchants
12. Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin specialized in painting _____.
a.
scenic views of Venice
b.
Grand Tour portraits
c.
battle scenes
d.
quiet domestic scenes
13. The _____ of Hogarth’s paintings was a uniquely English trait.
a.
moral overtones
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Chapter 11: Rococo to Neoclassicism in Europe and America
b.
loose brushwork
c.
historical accuracy
d.
personal expression
14. _____ is widely considered to be the first truly British painter.
a.
Sir Joshua Reynolds
b.
William Hogarth
c.
Joseph Wright of Derby
d.
John Singleton Copley
15. One device used in Grand Manner portraiture was to elevate the sitter by _____.
a.
giving the person a halo
b.
creating an architectural backdrop
c.
making the person large relative to the canvas
d.
dressing the person in ancient clothing
16. Although born in America, _____ became the official painter to King George III.
a.
Johann Winckelmann
b.
Jean-Antoine Houdon
c.
William Hogarth
d.
Benjamin West
17. The _____ of Copley’s portrait of Paul Revere made it well suited to American tastes.
a.
direct and factual nature
b.
strong emotion
c.
idealization
d.
romantic nature
18. The _____ was part of the education of well-bred Europeans and Americans.
a.
pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela
b.
Grand Tour
c.
reading of Winckelmann’s publications
d.
vedute
19. British visitors on the Grand Tour purchased scenic views of Venice called _____.
a.
fête galantes
b.
rocaille
c.
vedute
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Chapter 11: Rococo to Neoclassicism in Europe and America
d.
novels
20. _____ was the leading painter of scenic views of Venice.
a.
William Hogarth
b.
Pompeo Batoni
c.
Antonio Canova
d.
Antonio Canaletto
21. Johann Winckelmann, the first art historian, identified _____ as the most perfect art form ever made.
a.
Greek art
b.
the art of the Germanic warlords
c.
Gothic art
d.
Viking art
22. According to Jacques-Louis David, the subjects of artworks should be historical events to _____.
a.
ensure that they never are repeated
b.
inspire patriotism
c.
persuade viewers in favor of colonialism
d.
keep the lower classes form understanding art
23. _____ was painted by David to help provide encouragement to revolutionary forces in France.
a.
Lord Heathfield
b.
Pilgrimage to Cythera
c.
Death of Marat
d.
Death of General Wolfe
24. To help promote the revolutionary leader Jean-Paul Marat as a martyr, David based his figure on _____.
a.
Saint Michael the Archangel
b.
the Pantokrator in Byzantine art
c.
Raphaels’s Aristotle
d.
Michelangelo’s Pietà
25. _____ by Jacques-Germain Soufflot demonstrates a revived interest in Classical architecture in France.
a.
Panthéon
b.
The Orrery
c.
Monticello
d.
Chiswick House
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26. _____ by Houdon is the sculptural equivalent of a Grand Manner portrait.
a.
The Swing
b.
Lord Heathfield
c.
George Washington
d.
Death of Marat
27. ______ wanted Neoclassicism as the national architectural style of America.
a.
King George III
b.
George Washington
c.
Sir Joshua Reynolds
d.
Thomas Jefferson
28. (Figure 11-14)
a.
Hogarth
b.
David
c.
Kaufman
d.
Canaletto
29. (Figure 11-3)
a.
Watteau
b.
Fragonard
c.
Vigee-Lebrun
d.
Hogarth
30. (Figure 11-4)
a.
France
b.
Italy
c.
England
d.
United States
31. (Figure 11-5)
a.
John Singleton Copley
b.
Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin
c.
Thomas Gainsborough
d.
Joseph Wright of Derby
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32. (Figure 11-7)
a.
Naturalistic
b.
Grand Manner
c.
Grant Tour
d.
Republican
33. (Figure 11-9)
a.
Naturalistic
b.
Grand Manner
c.
Grand Tour
d.
Republican
34. (Figure 11-12)
a.
Veduta
b.
Ancient regime
c.
Fête galante
d.
Rocaille
35. (Figure 11-16)
a.
London
b.
Washington, D.C.
c.
Paris
d.
Rome
36. (Figure 11-18)
a.
Franklin
b.
Madison
c.
Washington
d.
Jefferson
37. (Figure 11-19)
a.
Franklin
b.
Madison
c.
Washington
d.
Jefferson
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38. Who were the Poussinistes and Rubénistes, and what aspects of style did they debate?
39. Which aspects of Watteau’s style appealed to his wealthy patrons?
40. Which ideas of Lock and Newton formed the foundation of Enlightenment thought?
41. Describe Rousseau’s ideas about the nature of man and how they inspired the demise of the Rococo style.
42. How did the English artist, William Hogarth, approach his subjects?
43. What was Antonio Canaletto’s method of creating his vedute of Venice?
44. How did the Grand Tour contribute to the rise of Neoclassicism?
45. Which art historical method di Johann Winckelmann initiate?
46. Which civic and cultural values were associated with Neoclassical art?
47. What influenced Thomas Jefferson’s ideas about architecture?
48. How did the artist make the subject matter appear authentic?
49. What devices does the artist use to promote the Orrery? How are the people portrayed?
50. How does the artist describe his subject as a novelist?
51. Which characteristics make this a Grand Manner portrait?
52. How did the artist blend realism and traditional history painting?
53. Which elements are considered American, and which are European?
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Chapter 11: Rococo to Neoclassicism in Europe and America
54. How does this exemplify the Neoclassical style?
55. Which aspects contributed to the presentation of this figure as a martyr?
56. How did this artist change the conventions of portraiture?
57. What kind of portrait is this? Why was it popular?
58. What are the hallmarks of the Rococo style in interior design and painting? Please provide examples.
59. Citing examples, please explain how various aspects of Enlightenment thought influenced the style and subjects
matter of art.
60. Describe the dominant stylistic qualities and subjects of Neoclassical art. What values did Neoclassical art
communicate to different audiences?
61. Several types of portraiture emerged during this period. Providing examples, please explore the different methods
artists developed for presenting their subjects and why these appealed to their sitters.
62. What are the main characteristics of Neoclassical architecture? What sources inspired architects? How is it different
than Baroque architecture?
63. Attribute the images on the screen to a culture and give an approximate date. Give the reasons for your attributions,
using complete sentences and referring to specific works discussed in class.
1. Another Rococo fête galante
2. Another Gainsborough portrait
3. Another scene from Hogarth’s Marriage à la Mode
4. Another sculpture, possibly by Houdon or Clodion
5. Another example of Neoclassical architecture, possibly the U.S. Capitol building