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Chapter 17: South and Southeast Asia
Multiple Choice
1. _____ helped spread Buddhism in India.
a.
King Ashoka
b.
Kanishka
c.
Chandragupta
d.
Shuunga
2. The pose of the figure on the small seal discovered at Mohenjo-daro proves the importance of the practice of _____.
a.
hunting
b.
meditation
c.
ritual sacrifice
d.
dance
3. _____ are scantily clad goddess figures who are found in art and worshiped throughout India.
a.
Shiva
b.
Yakshi
c.
Sanchi
d.
Parvati
4. The Indus cities had very sophisticated _____.
a.
pottery production
b.
temple builders
c.
water supply systems
d.
palace furnishings
5. What types of objects are the most common extant artifacts of the Indus civilization?
a.
manuscripts
b.
fountains
c.
mosaic floors
d.
seals with incised designs
6. According to the Upanishads, the ultimate goal of a person’s life is to end the cycle of life and death by _____.
a.
merging the self with the force of the universe
b.
honoring one’s ancestors
c.
sacrificing to the gods
d.
making a pilgrimage
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7. What was featured on Ashoka’s monolithic columns?
a.
The descendants of the king
b.
A legal code based on Buddha’s law
c.
The deities
d.
Wild animals
8. The _____ is a monument housing relics of the Buddha.
a.
yasti
b.
vinana
c.
stupa
d.
shikhara
9. In contrast to Theravada Buddhism, the goal of Mahayana Buddhism is _____.
a.
to revere bodhisattvas
b.
to repeat every action in the Buddha’s life
c.
enlightenment for royalty
d.
Buddhahood for all
10. _____ is one of the first Hindu temples constructed with stone blocks.
a.
Vishnu temple in Deogarh
b.
Rajarajeshvara Temple
c.
Vishvanatha Temple
d.
Great Temple in Madurai
11. What is a central practice of Hinduism?
a.
Reciting the Buddha’s teachings
b.
Ritual sacrifice by Brahmin priests
c.
Asking for protection from ancestors
d.
Climbing the temple
12. Smooth bodies and clinging garments are among the features of which style of Buddha images?
a.
Bodh Gaya
b.
Gandaharan
c.
Classic Gupta style
d.
Yakshi
13. Images of Hindu deities are found in the _____ of temples
a.
torana
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Chapter 17: South and Southeast Asia
b.
harmika
c.
mandala
d.
garbha griha
14. The southern type of Indian temples are characterized by _____ over the mandapas.
a.
flat roofs
b.
series of arches
c.
domes
d.
crenelation
15. Shiva Nataraja represents the god as _____.
a.
the destroyer
b.
Lord of the Dance
c.
Lord of the Beasts
d.
Lord of the Lights
16. _____ established the Mughal Empire at Delhi.
a.
Chola dynasty
b.
Kanishka
c.
Babur
d.
Muhammad of Ghor
17. One of Akbar’s most ambitious projects for artists was to illustrate a _____ written by Abul Fazl.
a.
fairy tale
b.
history of Buddhism
c.
history of the Indus civilization
d.
biography
18. ______ was the most popular form of art under the Mughal emperors of India.
a.
Miniature painting
b.
Mosaics
c.
Monumental sculpture
d.
Painting in cave temples
19. The Taj Mahal was a _____ for the Mughal emperor’s wife.
a.
palace
b.
tomb
c.
temple
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Chapter 17: South and Southeast Asia
d.
temporary residence
20. What plan does the Taj Mahal follow?
a.
Pietra dura
b.
Amalaka
c.
Char-bagh
d.
Shikhara
21. The _____ dynasty built some of the largest Hindu temple complexes in India.
a.
Chalukya
b.
Chola
c.
Vakataka
d.
Nayak
22. Similar to Egyptian belief _____ kings of Cambodia claimed to be the earthly portion of the deity during their
lifetime.
a.
Mughal
b.
Khmer
c.
Pre-Mugal
d.
Gupta
23. The purpose of the _____ in Cambodia was to associate the Khmer king with the god Vishnu.
a.
Taj Mahal
b.
Borobudur
c.
Angkor Wat
d.
Scwedagon pagoda
24. The _____ period is considered the golden age of Thai art.
a.
Shakyamuni
b.
Mughal
c.
Khmer
d.
Sukhothai
25. The Rangood pagoda is famous for its _____.
a.
metal-and-gem-encrusted surface
b.
murals of the Buddha
c.
stupas
d.
distinctive star shape
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Chapter 17: South and Southeast Asia
26. Thailand produced a distinctive way of representing the Buddha showing him ______.
a.
bathing
b.
meditating
c.
walking
d.
reclining
27. (Figure 17-4)
a.
Ajanta
b.
Sarnath
c.
Sanchi
d.
Mamallapuram
28. (Figure 17-3)
a.
Mathura
b.
Ajanta
c.
Sarnath
d.
Gandhara
29. (Figure 17-5)
a.
Seal
b.
Buddha
c.
Yakshi
d.
Shiva
30. (Figure 17-7)
a.
First sermon
b.
Wheel of the Law
c.
Birth of Buddha
d.
Moment of Enlightenment
31. (Figure 17-10)
a.
Vishnu
b.
Ganesha
c.
Shiva as Mahadeva
d.
Buddha
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Chapter 17: South and Southeast Asia
32. (Figure 17-11)
a.
Temple
b.
Palace
c.
Mausoleum
d.
Stupa
33. (Figure 17-18)
a.
Shah Jahan
b.
Akbar
c.
Jahangir
d.
Ashoka
34. (Figure 17-8)
a.
Ajanta
b.
Vijayanagara
c.
Gupta
d.
Maurya
35. (Figure 17-14)
a.
Great Temple, Madurai
b.
Vishvanatha Temple, Khajuraho
c.
Great Stupa, Sanchi
d.
Taj Mahal, Agra
36. (Figure 17-17)
a.
Bichitr
b.
Jahangir
c.
Akbar
d.
Jahangir
37. (Figure 17-21)
a.
Krishna and Radha
b.
Jahangir and Mumtaz Mahal
c.
Bichitr and Meera Mukherjee
d.
Qutbu l-Din Aibak and Krishnadevaraya
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38. (Figure 17-18)
a.
Panel
b.
Canvas
c.
Folio
d.
Wall
39. (Figure 17-19)
a.
Palace
b.
Mausoleum
c.
Shrine
d.
Temple
40. (Figure 17-18)
a.
Akbar
b.
Bichitr
c.
Chatar Muni
d.
Basawan
41. (Figure 17-17)
a.
Chandragupta
b.
Jahangir
c.
Bichitr
d.
Basawan and Chatar Muni
42. What features are characteristic of the most important cities of the Indus civilization?
43. Which important ideas were introduced in the Upanishads?
44. What is depicted on the toranas of the Great Stupa, Sanchi?
45. How did representations of the Buddha change from the Great Stupa to the image of the meditating Buddha from
Sarnath?
46. How does the treatment of the Buddha’s relics differ from the treatment of relics in the medieval West?
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47. How are images of the Buddha distinguishable from priests and bodhisattvas?
48. What commonalities exist between Buddhism and Hinduism?
49. Describe how viewers interacted with sculptures of Hindu deities?
50. What are the differences between Mughal and Rajput painting?
51. What do pilgrims see as they move around the Buddhist monument at Borobudur?
52. Describe the concept of kingship held by Khmer kings of Cambodia.
53. What makes the iconography of this object Buddhist?
54. What was a major stylistic influence?
55. What defines the canonical image of the Buddha?
56. What do the three faces symbolize?
57. What is the significance of the imagery?
58. What does the episode convey about Akbar’s rule?
59. What reinforces the impression that this suspended above water?
60. How does this image reflect Indian motifs for religious architecture?
61. Describe the different manners of representing the Buddha in India. Providing examples, explain how and why images
of the Buddha varied across time and place. What symbolic elements made the Buddha recognizable?
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Chapter 17: South and Southeast Asia
62. Providing examples, describe the differences between southern and northern Hindu temples.
63. Discuss the representation of the human figure in Hindu architecture. How does it reflect Hindu teachings? How does
figural representation change from region to region? Use examples to support your essay.
64. In what ways are Buddhist teachings related to Hindu ideas? How do they relate to the meaning of human existence,
and how were those concepts manifested in the visual arts? Use examples to support your essay.
65. Compare and contrast the Great Stupa at Sanchi to the gopura and Great Temple at Madurai. How are they different?
Why is that difference significant?
66. Compare and contrast Mughal painting and Buddhist painting. How are they different? How are they similar? How are
they specific to the religious philosophies they represent? How is the iconography used to emphasize the religious
doctrines and political environments? Use examples to support your essay.
67. Evaluate the style and iconography of Hindu painting. How is it specific to the religious philosophies it represents?
How is the iconography used to emphasize the religious doctrines and political environments? Use examples to support
your essay.
68. How does the Akbarnama (History of Akbar) represent Mughal India? How does it represent allegory and allusion?
Consider the visual devices the artists employed. Also consider the political implications of this work. Use specific
examples to support your essay.
69. Compare and contrast the Buddhist monuments of Sri Lanka with those on the island of Java. Which are more
dependent on Indian models?
70. Attribute the images on the screen to a culture and give an approximate date. Give the reasons for your attributions,
using complete sentences and referring to specific works discussed in class.
2. A seated Buddha from Gandhara
3. Another image of Shiva, possibly Shiva Nataraja
4. Another Mughal mosque, perhaps the Pearl Mosque
5. Another miniature from the Rajput